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1.To undertand which medications to use, we should also be familiar with what thyroid disorders are. “A person whose thyroid gland secretes too much hormone suffers from hyperthyroidism. Excess thyroid hormone causes changes in metabolism, the nervous system, and the heart” (Silverthorn). The same systems that are affected by hyperthyroidism are also impacted by hypothyroid hormone production.

These following medications would be successful in treating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Aldoramine is a drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter. That prevents iodide ions from entering the thyroid gland’s follicular cells. Inhibition will lower the amount of iodine needed to synthesize thyroid hormones, which may be helpful in treating hyperthyroidism.

Iodimine, an inhibitor of iodinase, is believed to assist the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroid globulin. Because its inhibition will lessen the production of thyroid hormone, it may be helpful in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Peroxidine is a drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning. Incorporating iodine into the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin, this enzyme converts iodide ions into iodine. Therefore, inhibiting this enzyme will inhibit these important thyroid hormone production processes, which will aid in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Thyromine– increases the synthesis of thyroglobulin, which might be helpful in treating hypothyroidism by increasing the production of one of the thyroid hormones’ components.

References:

Silverthorn, D. U., Johnson, B. R., Ober, W. C., Ober, C. E., Impagliazzo, A., & Silverthorn, A. C. (2019). Human physiology: An integrated approach. Pearson.

2. A key enzyme in the production of hormones is thyroid peroxidase. During thyroid hormone synthesis, thyroid peroxidase helps the thyroglobulin molecule by adding iodine to tyrosin and removing the electron from the iodide ion (Silverthorn, 2019). Additionally, once iodine is added to tyrosine, it creates monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and a second iodine is diiodotyrosine (DIT). Furthermore, they “undergo coupling reactions” (Silverthorn, 2019). In this coupling reaction, one MIT and one DIT create Triiodothyronine (T3), and two DIT create tetraiodothyronine (T4) (Silverthorn, 2019). Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that increases the levels of T3 and T4. To prevent highly increased levels of T3 and T4, using peroxidine will inhibit thyroid peroxidase and prevent it from removing the electron from the iodide ion, which disables its ability to add the iodine to the tyrosine on the globulin. On the other hand, in hypothyroidism, the levels of T3 and T4 are low. To counter the low levels of T3 and T4, thyromine would be an effective drug to stimulate thyroglobulin production so thyroid hormones can form successfully.

Reference

Silverthorn, A. C., Johnson, B. R., Ober, C. E., & Impagliazzo, A. (2019). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. Pearson Education, Incorporated.