History of scientific ocean drilling
WSs to initiate IODP
1997 Tokyo
1999 Vancouver
1961
Project Mohole
1968
Deep Sea Drilling
Project
1975
1983
Science Plans
IODP Phase II SP
(2013-2023)
2022/11/29
Glomar
Challenger
(DSDP)
Japan joined DSDP
Ocean Drilling Program
with 21 member countries
JOIDES
Resolution
(ODP, US
IODP)
1985
D/V JOIDES Resolution launched
2003
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
D/V Chikyu
w/25 countries (IODP Phase I)
(Japan, IODP)
2005
D/V Chikyu launched
2013
International Ocean Discovery
Program (IODP Phase II)
2024
Scientific Ocean Drilling (2050 Science Framework)
2050 Science Framework
IODP Phase I SP
(2003-2013)
Cuss I
(US Navy
?
Project
Mohole
9. Mantle Geoscience_Sofia Univ. Abe
Mission
Specific
Platform
(ECORD,
IODP)
Mantle Drilling
D/V Chikyu
Proposed MoHole to Mantle (M2M) in 2012
IODP Proposal (805-MDP: Umino et al.)
2022/11/29
9. Mantle Geoscience_Sofia Univ. Abe
MoHole To the Mantle (M2M)
IODP Proposal (805-MDP: Umino et al.)
1.
4 main Science targets
Sample Return
10 first-order
2. Naturel of Moho
questions
3. Crust formation
4. Frontier and limits of
life
Structure and composition
of convecting mantle,
obtaining in-situ mantle
sample
Geological meaning of
Moho and seismic
layers in the crust
Bulk composition, and
mode(s) of accretion of
fast spread crust
Lithosphere aging, chemical
fluxes, and limits and
controlling factors of life
38
2022/11/29
9. Mantle Geoscience_Sofia Univ. Abe
1 Sample Return
Obtain the first in-situ samples of Earth’s mantle
– Estimation Gap: basalt and mantle
Mantle composition is commonly estimated by basalt composition, which is
produced as a partial melt of the mantle peridotite. There is a large gap of
the concentration between basalt (MORB) and abyssal peridotite.
ompositional and isotopic heterogeneity
olatiles contents (CO2, H, JLate veneer
ontribution to global carbon budget

elt migration processes
hysical properties (rheology, seismic anisotropy, JJ- Estimation Gap: whole earth
Need samples
Up to 0.7 wt% (carbon) and 0.02 wt% (H2O) on the earthàsurface
vs. av. 3.2 wt% (carbon) and 2 wt% (water) in whole Earth estimated from C1 chondorite
How much CO2 in the lithospheric oceanic mantle ? (10 ppm > ~1020 tons for 10km)
2022/11/29
9. Mantle Geoscience_Sofia Univ. Abe
2. Geological nature of Moho?
6 km thick ubiquitous oceanic crust = 10 km 4km water depth
Andrija Mohorovi?i?
Global map of Moho depth (from GOCE data, 2012)
s the Moho the interface between :
– magmatic crust & residual mantle ?
– magmatic rocks of different compositions ?
– serpentinized mantle & fresh mantle ?
– mantle + magmatic intrusions & mantle ?
2022/11/29
9. Mantle Geoscience_Sofia Univ. Abe
2. Geological nature of Moho?
What is the upper/ lower crust boundary?
Layer 2 Pillow lava
(basalt)
?
Layer 3 Sheeted
Dike
(basalt)
1256D
1256D
1500mbsf
504B
– Gabbro/Layer2
Purchase answer to see full
attachment