Chapter 8 Review
Description
Chapter 8 Learning Goals (keep the following questions in mind as you read the chapter)
Estimate results from a correlational study with two quantitative variables by looking at a scatterplot.
Explain how the correlation coefficient, r, represents the strength and direction of a relationship between two quantitative variables
- Analyze a correlational study in which at least one variable is categorical by looking at a bar graph and computing the difference between the two means
- Interrogate the construct validity of an association claim, asking whether the measurement of each variable was reliable and valid.
Interrogate the statistical validity of an association claim, asking about features of the data that might distort the meaning of the correlation coefficient, such as outliers in the scatterplot, effect size, confidence intervals, replication, and the possibility of restricted range (for a lower-than-expected correlation). When the correlation coefficient is zero, inspect the scatterplot to see if the relationship is curvilinear
- Interrogate the external validity of an association claim by asking to whom the association can generalize.
- Distinguish an association claim, which requires that a study meet only one of the three rules for causation (covariance), from a causal claim, which requires that the study also establish temporal precedence and internal validity.
- Directions
- DO NOT PLAGIARIZE!
- Use the chapter reviews to help guide you through the reading. As you read, stop to paraphrase the definition of each of the following key terms.
After you finish reading, answer the five review questions below.
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Chapter Eight Review
Define each of the terms. Write a definition in your own words.
Bivariate Correlation
Mean
Effect Size
Statistical Significance
- Replication
- Outlier
- Restriction of Range
- Curvilinear Association
- Directionality Problem
- Third-variable Problem
- Spurious Association
- Moderator
- Review Questions
- Take a look at the following pearson r correlation coefficients. Describe each correlation. What are the general shapes of each relationship?
- Overall GPA and exam performance .40
- Screen time and exam performance -.38
Hours spent studying per week and exam scores .48
Hours spent working per week and exam scores -.06
- A researcher conducted a study of 34 scientists (Grim, 2008). He reported a correlation between the amount of beer each scientist drank per year and the likelihood of that scientist publishing a scientific paper. The correlation was reported as r = ?.55, 95% CI [·4, ²7].
What does a negative correlation mean in this example? Is this relationship strong or weak?
- What does 95% CI [·4, ²7] mean in this result?
- A popular media report about this article was headlined, “Suds seem to skew scientific success” (San Diego Union-Tribune,2008) Is such a causal claim justified?
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