Cryptography TLS protocol
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6.3 Consider the following threats to Web security and describe how each is countered by a particular feature of TLS.
a. Brute-Force Cryptanalytic Attack: An exhaustive search of the key space for a conventional encryption algorithm.
b. Known Plaintext Dictionary Attack: Many messages will contain predictable plaintext, such as the HTTP GET
command. An attacker constructs a dictionary containing every possible encryption of the known-plaintext message.
When an encrypted message is intercepted, the attacker takes the portion containing the encrypted known plaintext and
looks up the ciphertext in the dictionary. The ciphertext should match against an entry that was encrypted with the same
secret key. If there are several matches, each of these can be tried against the full ciphertext
to determine the right one. This attack is especially effective against small key sizes (e.g., 40-bit keys).
c. Replay Attack: Earlier TLS handshake messages are replayed.
d. Man-in-the-Middle Attack: An attacker interposes during key exchange, acting as the client to the server and as the
server to the client.
e. Password Sniffing: Passwords in HTTP or other application traffic are eavesdropped.
f. IP Spoofing: Uses forged IP addresses to fool a host into accepting bogus data.
g. IP Hijacking: An active, authenticated connection between two hosts is disrupted and the attacker takes the place of one
of the hosts.
h. SYN Flooding: An attacker sends TCP SYN messages to request a connection but does not respond to the final
message to establish the connection fully. The attacked TCP module typically leaves the !lf-open connection!round
for a few minutes. Repeated SYN messages can clog the TCP module
6.4 Based on what you have learned in this chapter, is it possible in TLS for the receiver to reorder TLS record blocks that
arrive out of order? If so, explain how it can be done. If not, why not?
6.5 For SSH packets, what is the advantage, if any, of not including the MAC in the scope of the packet encryption?
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a. Brute-Force Cryptanalytic Attack: An exhaustive search of the key space for a conventional encryption algorithm.
b. Known Plaintext Dictionary Attack: Many messages will contain predictable plaintext, such as the HTTP GET
command. An attacker constructs a dictionary containing every possible encryption of the known-plaintext message.
When an encrypted message is intercepted, the attacker takes the portion containing the encrypted known plaintext and
looks up the ciphertext in the dictionary. The ciphertext should match against an entry that was encrypted with the same
secret key. If there are several matches, each of these can be tried against the full ciphertext
to determine the right one. This attack is especially effective against small key sizes (e.g., 40-bit keys).
c. Replay Attack: Earlier TLS handshake messages are replayed.
d. Man-in-the-Middle Attack: An attacker interposes during key exchange, acting as the client to the server and as the
server to the client.
e. Password Sniffing: Passwords in HTTP or other application traffic are eavesdropped.
f. IP Spoofing: Uses forged IP addresses to fool a host into accepting bogus data.
g. IP Hijacking: An active, authenticated connection between two hosts is disrupted and the attacker takes the place of one
of the hosts.
h. SYN Flooding: An attacker sends TCP SYN messages to request a connection but does not respond to the final
message to establish the connection fully. The attacked TCP module typically leaves the !lf-open connection!round
for a few minutes. Repeated SYN messages can clog the TCP module
6.4 Based on what you have learned in this chapter, is it possible in TLS for the receiver to reorder TLS record blocks that
arrive out of order? If so, explain how it can be done. If not, why not?
6.5 For SSH packets, what is the advantage, if any, of not including the MAC in the scope of the packet encryption?
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