LING 373 Concord University Linguistics Morpheme Questions
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LING 373
Fall 2022
Your homework assignment must be typed and in .pdf format. Please submit it using the link on the
Moodle page. If you wish, you may work together with one other person on the homework assignment.
In that case, please submit just a single assignment with both names on it. This homework is due on
Nov 10th.
1. Lamba (Niger-Congo, spoken in Zambia). In this data the palatal nasal is transcribed as r? is an
alveopalatal affricate, )s an alveopalatal fricative, and the final a of all words is a verbal suffix.
Past
?ita
tula
?eta
so?ka
pata
fisa
?esa
kosa
lasa
masa
ka
fuka
seka
poka
kaka
ima
puma
mena
fweD°ona
?a?a
Passive
?itwa
tulwa
?etwa
so?kwa
patwa
fiswa
?eswa
koswa
laswa
maswa
kwa
fukwa
sekwa
pokwa
kakwa
imwa
pumwa
menwa
fweJponwa
?a?wa
Neuter
?itika
tulika
?eteka
so?keka
patika
fika
?eseka
koseka
laka
maka
ika
fu?ika
sekeka
pokeka
ka?ika
imika
pumika
meneka
fweVá
poneka
?a?ika
Applied
?itila
tulila
?etela
so?kela
patila
fila
?esela
kosela
lala
mala
ila
fu?ila
sekela
pokela
ka?ila
imina
pumina
menena
fweV¡
ponena
?a?ina
Reciprocal
?itana
tulana
?etana
so?kana
patana
fisana
?esana
kosana
lasana
masana
kana
fukana
sekana
pokana
kakana
imana
pumana
menana
fweF¡
ponana
?a?ana
Gloss
do
dig
spy
pay tax
scold
hide
cut
be strong
wound
plaster
bury
creep
laugh at
receive
tie
rise
flog
grow
scratch
fall
snigger
1. List all the non-alternating morphemes with their glosses.
2. List all the surface alternations of morphemes that have more than one surface form. Only list the
phonetic/surface forms with their glosses.
3. List all rules necessary to get to the surface forms. Use binary features and rule notation.
Note: One of the rules is difficult to collapse into binary features. You may just list the IPA symbols
in this case but you must explain why it is difficult to write a single rule in features and notation
in this particular case.
4. Do derivations for the neuter form of )de,4he neuter form of ¥ strong!nd the Applied form
of òow.². Rule Writing. Write formal notation (with binary features) versions of the following prose rules. Assume the English inventory for the purposes of this exercise.
1. Voiceless stops are deleted after nasals.
2. A homorganic glide is epenthesized before initial mid and high vowels.
3. A low vowel is raised to mid if the syllable after it has a high vowel in it.
4. Medial vowels delete. (Otherwise stated: vowels in medial syllables delete)
5. voiceless alveolar stops are deleted before voiceless fricatives in codas.
2
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